The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2025)
A Two-week IXPE Monitoring Campaign on Mrk 421
- W. Peter Maksym,
- Ioannis Liodakis,
- M. Lynne Saade,
- Dawoon E. Kim,
- Riccardo Middei,
- Laura Di Gesu,
- Sebastian Kiehlmann,
- Gabriele Matzeu,
- Iván Agudo,
- Alan P. Marscher,
- Steven R. Ehlert,
- Svetlana G. Jorstad,
- Philip Kaaret,
- Herman L. Marshall,
- Luigi Pacciani,
- Matteo Perri,
- Simonetta Puccetti,
- Pouya M. Kouch,
- Elina Lindfors,
- Francisco José Aceituno,
- Giacomo Bonnoli,
- Víctor Casanova,
- Juan Escudero,
- José L. Gómez,
- Beatriz Agís-González,
- César Husillos,
- Daniel Morcuende,
- Jorge Otero-Santos,
- Alfredo Sota,
- Vilppu Piirola,
- Ryo Imazawa,
- Mahito Sasada,
- Yasushi Fukazawa,
- Koji S. Kawabata,
- Makoto Uemura,
- Tsunefumi Mizuno,
- Tatsuya Nakaoka,
- Hiroshi Akitaya,
- Callum McCall,
- Helen E. Jermak,
- Iain A. Steele,
- George A. Borman,
- Tatiana S. Grishina,
- Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn,
- Evgenia N. Kopatskaya,
- Elena G. Larionova,
- Daria A. Morozova,
- Sergey S. Savchenko,
- Ekaterina V. Shishkina,
- Ivan S. Troitskiy,
- Yulia V. Troitskaya,
- Andrey A. Vasilyev,
- Alexey V. Zhovtan,
- Ioannis Myserlis,
- Mark Gurwell,
- Garrett Keating,
- Ramprasad Rao,
- Colt Pauley,
- Emmanouil Angelakis,
- Alexander Kraus,
- Andrei V. Berdyugin,
- Masato Kagitani,
- Vadim Kravtsov,
- Juri Poutanen,
- Takeshi Sakanoi,
- Sincheol Kang,
- Sang-Sung Lee,
- Sang-Hyun Kim,
- Whee Yeon Cheong,
- Hyeon-Woo Jeong,
- Chanwoo Song,
- Dmitry Blinov,
- Elena Shablovinskaya,
- Lucio Angelo Antonelli,
- Matteo Bachetti,
- Luca Baldini,
- Wayne H. Baumgartner,
- Ronaldo Bellazzini,
- Stefano Bianchi,
- Stephen D. Bongiorno,
- Raffaella Bonino,
- Alessandro Brez,
- Niccoló Bucciantini,
- Fiamma Capitanio,
- Simone Castellano,
- Elisabetta Cavazzuti,
- Chien-Ting Chen,
- Stefano Ciprini,
- Enrico Costa,
- Alessandra De Rosa,
- Ettore Del Monte,
- Niccoló Di Lalla,
- Alessandro Di Marco,
- Immacolata Donnarumma,
- Victor Doroshenko,
- Michal Dovčiak,
- Teruaki Enoto,
- Yuri Evangelista,
- Sergio Fabiani,
- Riccardo Ferrazzoli,
- Javier A. Garcia,
- Shuichi Gunji,
- Kiyoshi Hayashida,
- Jeremy Heyl,
- Wataru Iwakiri,
- Vladimir Karas,
- Fabian Kislat,
- Takao Kitaguchi,
- Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak,
- Henric Krawczynski,
- Fabio La Monaca,
- Luca Latronico,
- Simone Maldera,
- Alberto Manfreda,
- Frédéric Marin,
- Andrea Marinucci,
- Francesco Massaro,
- Giorgio Matt,
- Ikuyuki Mitsuishi,
- Fabio Muleri,
- Michela Negro,
- C.-Y. Ng,
- Stephen L. O’Dell,
- Nicola Omodei,
- Chiara Oppedisano,
- Alessandro Papitto,
- George G. Pavlov,
- Abel Lawrence Peirson,
- Melissa Pesce-Rollins,
- Pierre-Olivier Petrucci,
- Maura Pilia,
- Andrea Possenti,
- Brian D. Ramsey,
- John Rankin,
- Ajay Ratheesh,
- Oliver J. Roberts,
- Roger W. Romani,
- Carmelo Sgró,
- Patrick Slane,
- Paolo Soffitta,
- Gloria Spandre,
- Douglas A. Swartz,
- Toru Tamagawa,
- Fabrizio Tavecchio,
- Roberto Taverna,
- Yuzuru Tawara,
- Allyn F. Tennant,
- Nicholas E. Thomas,
- Francesco Tombesi,
- Alessio Trois,
- Sergey S. Tsygankov,
- Roberto Turolla,
- Jacco Vink,
- Martin C. Weisskopf,
- Kinwah Wu,
- Fei Xie,
- Silvia Zane
Affiliations
- W. Peter Maksym
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Ioannis Liodakis
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- M. Lynne Saade
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; Science & Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- Dawoon E. Kim
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,” Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Riccardo Middei
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Laura Di Gesu
- ORCiD
- ASI—Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Sebastian Kiehlmann
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Crete , GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Gabriele Matzeu
- G. A. Matzeu—Quasar Science Resources SL for ESA, European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Science Operations Department , 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
- Iván Agudo
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Alan P. Marscher
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Steven R. Ehlert
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Svetlana G. Jorstad
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Philip Kaaret
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Herman L. Marshall
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Luigi Pacciani
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Matteo Perri
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- Simonetta Puccetti
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Pouya M. Kouch
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014, University of Turku , Finland; Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, 20014, University of Turku , Finland; Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory , Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
- Elina Lindfors
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014, University of Turku , Finland
- Francisco José Aceituno
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Giacomo Bonnoli
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , Via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy
- Víctor Casanova
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Juan Escudero
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- José L. Gómez
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Beatriz Agís-González
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- César Husillos
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain; Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IGME) , CSIC, Calle Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Daniel Morcuende
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Jorge Otero-Santos
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Alfredo Sota
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Vilppu Piirola
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014, University of Turku , Finland
- Ryo Imazawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Mahito Sasada
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Yasushi Fukazawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Core Research for Energetic Universe (Core-U), Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Koji S. Kawabata
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Core Research for Energetic Universe (Core-U), Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Makoto Uemura
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Core Research for Energetic Universe (Core-U), Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Tsunefumi Mizuno
- ORCiD
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Tatsuya Nakaoka
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Hiroshi Akitaya
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology , 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
- Callum McCall
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool Science Park IC 2, 146 Brownlow Hill, UK
- Helen E. Jermak
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool Science Park IC 2, 146 Brownlow Hill, UK
- Iain A. Steele
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool Science Park IC 2, 146 Brownlow Hill, UK
- George A. Borman
- ORCiD
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS , P/O Nauchny, 298409, Crimea†
- Tatiana S. Grishina
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Evgenia N. Kopatskaya
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Elena G. Larionova
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Daria A. Morozova
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Sergey S. Savchenko
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia; Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences , 369167, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia; Pulkovo Observatory , St. Petersburg, 196140, Russia
- Ekaterina V. Shishkina
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Ivan S. Troitskiy
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Yulia V. Troitskaya
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Andrey A. Vasilyev
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Alexey V. Zhovtan
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS , P/O Nauchny, 298409, Crimea†
- Ioannis Myserlis
- ORCiD
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique , Avenida Divina Pastora, 7, Local 20, E-18012 Granada, Spain; Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Mark Gurwell
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Garrett Keating
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Ramprasad Rao
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Colt Pauley
- ORCiD
- Perkins Telescope Observatory, Boston University , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Emmanouil Angelakis
- ORCiD
- Orchideenweg 8 , 53123 Bonn, Germany
- Alexander Kraus
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Andrei V. Berdyugin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014, University of Turku , Finland
- Masato Kagitani
- Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
- Vadim Kravtsov
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014, University of Turku , Finland
- Juri Poutanen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014, University of Turku , Finland
- Takeshi Sakanoi
- Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
- Sincheol Kang
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
- Sang-Sung Lee
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Sang-Hyun Kim
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Whee Yeon Cheong
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Hyeon-Woo Jeong
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Chanwoo Song
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Dmitry Blinov
- Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Crete , GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Elena Shablovinskaya
- Special Astrophysical Observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences , Nizhnij Arkhyz, Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, 369167, Russia; Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos , Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, 8370191, Chile
- Lucio Angelo Antonelli
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- Matteo Bachetti
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Luca Baldini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Pisa , Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Wayne H. Baumgartner
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Ronaldo Bellazzini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Stefano Bianchi
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universitá degli Studi Roma Tre , Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
- Stephen D. Bongiorno
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Raffaella Bonino
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Alessandro Brez
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Niccoló Bucciantini
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze , Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Fiamma Capitanio
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Simone Castellano
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Elisabetta Cavazzuti
- ORCiD
- ASI—Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Chien-Ting Chen
- ORCiD
- Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- Stefano Ciprini
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Enrico Costa
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Alessandra De Rosa
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Ettore Del Monte
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Niccoló Di Lalla
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Alessandro Di Marco
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Immacolata Donnarumma
- ORCiD
- ASI—Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Victor Doroshenko
- ORCiD
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Michal Dovčiak
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Boční II 1401/1, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Teruaki Enoto
- ORCiD
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Yuri Evangelista
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Sergio Fabiani
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Riccardo Ferrazzoli
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Javier A. Garcia
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Shuichi Gunji
- ORCiD
- Yamagata University , 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan
- Kiyoshi Hayashida
- Osaka University , 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Jeremy Heyl
- ORCiD
- University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Wataru Iwakiri
- ORCiD
- International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Vladimir Karas
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Boční II 1401/1, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Fabian Kislat
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire , Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Takao Kitaguchi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Henric Krawczynski
- ORCiD
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Fabio La Monaca
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,” Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Luca Latronico
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Simone Maldera
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Alberto Manfreda
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Napoli, Strada Comunale Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Frédéric Marin
- ORCiD
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Andrea Marinucci
- ORCiD
- ASI—Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Francesco Massaro
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Giorgio Matt
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universitá degli Studi Roma Tre , Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
- Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Fabio Muleri
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Michela Negro
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- C.-Y. Ng
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Stephen L. O’Dell
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Nicola Omodei
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chiara Oppedisano
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Alessandro Papitto
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- George G. Pavlov
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Abel Lawrence Peirson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Melissa Pesce-Rollins
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Pierre-Olivier Petrucci
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Maura Pilia
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Andrea Possenti
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Brian D. Ramsey
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- John Rankin
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Ajay Ratheesh
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Oliver J. Roberts
- ORCiD
- Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- Roger W. Romani
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Carmelo Sgró
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Patrick Slane
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Paolo Soffitta
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Gloria Spandre
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Douglas A. Swartz
- ORCiD
- Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- Toru Tamagawa
- ORCiD
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Fabrizio Tavecchio
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , Via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy
- Roberto Taverna
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Yuzuru Tawara
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Allyn F. Tennant
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Nicholas E. Thomas
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Francesco Tombesi
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,” Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Alessio Trois
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Sergey S. Tsygankov
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014, University of Turku , Finland
- Roberto Turolla
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Jacco Vink
- ORCiD
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy & GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Martin C. Weisskopf
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Kinwah Wu
- ORCiD
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Fei Xie
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, People’s Republic of China
- Silvia Zane
- ORCiD
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adce6b
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 986,
no. 2
p. 230
Abstract
X-ray polarization is a unique new probe of the particle acceleration in astrophysical jets made possible through the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. Here we report on the first dense X-ray polarization monitoring campaign on the blazar Mrk 421. Our observations were accompanied by an even denser radio and optical polarization campaign. We find significant short-timescale variability in both X-ray polarization degree and angle, including an ∼90° angle rotation about the jet axis. We attribute this to random variations of the magnetic field, consistent with the presence of turbulence but also unlikely to be explained by turbulence alone. At the same time, the degree of lower-energy polarization is significantly lower and shows no more than mild variability. Our campaign provides further evidence for a scenario in which energy-stratified shock-acceleration of relativistic electrons, combined with a turbulent magnetic field, is responsible for optical to X-ray synchrotron emission in blazar jets.
Keywords
