Zhejiang Daxue xuebao. Lixue ban (Mar 2024)
Landscape gene and image representation of traditional settlements in East Qinling Mountain:Based on the survey of 11 villages(东秦岭传统村落的景观基因与意象表达)
Abstract
In this study, 11 traditional settlements (TS) in the East Qinling Mountain area were surveyed, and their formation, evolution, landscape gene and image expression were studied, and the ancient people's cognition of the relationship between human and land contained in TS was discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: the TS in the East Qinling Mountain area can be divided into two types according to whether it is native or not, named immigrant TS or native TS. the immigrant TS also contains four subclasses according to their formation reason, namely, the TS because of eluding the war or turbulence, transforming from troops, moving to show one's ambition, production development. The TS evolution in the East Qinling Mountain area is influenced by the immigration of other ethnic groups, the invasion of bandits, and the change of production mode and life style. From the perspective of landscape gene, the TS in the East Qinling Mountain area include natural landscape gene and human landscape gene. The TS landscape depends on nature macroscopically and transforms nature microscopically, showing the characteristics of building in accordance with the situation of mountains, near to water, being surrounded by solid wall and being maintained by families. Corresponding to the landscape images of Chinese TS, to some extent the image of shanshui and ecological are the reflection of the ancient people's views on nature. The clan image and the image of seeking good fortune are essentially the reflection of the ancients' thinking about survival and development, while the basic image of the TS in the East Qinling Mountain area is "to worship literature and to be kind-hearted, surrounded by well ecological mountain and water".(基于对东秦岭地区11个传统村落的实地考察，研究了该地区传统村落的形成与演化、景观基因及其意象表达，讨论了传统村落所蕴含的古人对人地关系的认识，以及传统村落对乡村振兴与乡村现代化的意义。得到：东秦岭传统村落有世居型和移居型两类，以移居型为主，移居型传统村落按成因不同可分为避乱型、军转型、明志型、生产型4种。东秦岭传统村落的演化受外族群迁入、匪寇侵扰、生产生活方式转变等因素影响，至今仍在发展演化中。东秦岭传统村落的景观基因包括自然景观基因和人文景观基因，其在宏观上依赖自然，在微观上改造自然，呈现因山就势、依水而建、四面围合、家族维系的特征。对应于中国传统村落的基本意象，其中的山水意象和生态意象本质上是古人自然观、生态观的反映，宗族意象和趋吉意象本质上是古人对生存与发展问题思考的反映，而东秦岭传统村落的基本意象为“崇文向善一围落，掩映青山绿水间”。)
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