Exploring the phenotypic diversity of rice: A multivariate analysis of local landraces and elite cultivars of Tamil Nadu and Exotic Lines

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the genetic variability, heritability, genetic gain and trait relationships of sixteen biometrical characteristics in a collection of eighty-nine rice cultivars, landraces and exotic lines. The focus was on understanding the degree of genetic divergence and identifying traits with high selection potential. The analysis revealed that economic yield improving traits like single plant yield, filled grains per panicle and total number of productive tillers showed high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic gain implying the predominance of additive gene action and these traits can be given importance in selection and genetic advancement for yield improvement. Days to 50% flowering, plant height, total number of productive tillers, filled grains per panicle and thousand grain weight showed notable significant associations with single plant yield, with direct effects, asserting that these traits were most efficient and promising for selection. Cluster analysis revealed two clusters with cluster 1 mostly occupied by elite cultivars and cluster 2 occupied mostly by landraces and exotic lines. This information can be valuable for further studies and breeding programs, allowing researchers to focus on specific clusters for targeted genetic improvement or conservation efforts.

Keywords

• multivariate analysis
• phenotypic diversity
• rice
• local landraces
• elite cultivars