Development of a Sensitive Self-Powered Glucose Biosensor Based on an Enzymatic Biofuel Cell
Kantapat Chansaenpak,
Anyanee Kamkaew,
Sireerat Lisnund,
Pannaporn Prachai,
Patipat Ratwirunkit,
Thitichaya Jingpho,
Vincent Blay,
Piyanut Pinyou
Affiliations
Kantapat Chansaenpak
National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Anyanee Kamkaew
School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Sireerat Lisnund
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, 744, Suranarai Rd., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Pannaporn Prachai
SCiUS, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Patipat Ratwirunkit
SCiUS, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Thitichaya Jingpho
SCiUS, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Vincent Blay
Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Piyanut Pinyou
School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Biofuel cells allow for constructing sensors that leverage the specificity of enzymes without the need for an external power source. In this work, we design a self-powered glucose sensor based on a biofuel cell. The redox enzymes glucose dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH), glucose oxidase (GOx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were immobilized as biocatalysts on the electrodes, which were previously engineered using carbon nanostructures, including multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Additional polymers were also introduced to improve biocatalyst immobilization. The reported design offers three main advantages: (i) by using glucose as the substrate for the both anode and cathode, a more compact and robust design is enabled, (ii) the system operates under air-saturating conditions, with no need for gas purge, and (iii) the combination of carbon nanostructures and a multi-enzyme cascade maximizes the sensitivity of the biosensor. Our design allows the reliable detection of glucose in the range of 0.1–7.0 mM, which is perfectly suited for common biofluids and industrial food samples.
