Diseases and abnormalities of the nipple-areolar complex: a case report series

Abstract

The nippleareolar complex is a specific anatomical and histological structure. Normal structure and pathological process variabilities and the complexity of diagnostic imaging cause difficulties for radiologists and physicians. Breast magnetic resonance imaging is highly sensitive for structural features and nipple-areolar complex cancer detection. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful diagnostic tool when mammography and ultrasound findings are inconclusive. It allows visualization of the retroareolar region, suitable for the diagnosis of papillomas, adenomas, Pagets disease, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive ductal carcinoma. This is a case report on identifying the pathology and anomalies of the nipple-areolar complex, which may benefit radiologists, gynecologists, and residents.

Keywords

• case report
• breast disease
• nipple-areolar complex
• mammography