Influence of Clinical, Angiographic, and Developmental Characteristics and COVID-19 Severity and Vaccination Status on Young Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, approximately 20%–40% of cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients aged 18 years who met the universal definition of AMI but excluded those with missing medical records or coronary angiograms. Results In total, 2624 patients with AMI (aged 18–85 years) were included in the study and divided into two groups based on age: ≤45 (n = 1286) and >45 years (n = 1338). Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients aged ≤45 years (5.6 ± 2.1 and 3.2 ± 2.1 mmol/L, respectively, P 45 years (6.3 ± 1.8 and 3.1 ± 2.0 mmol/L, respectively, P < 0.001). Overall, 1745 and 879 patients were unvaccinated and fully vaccinated, respectively; severe and critical COVID-19 infections were more common among unvaccinated patients in both age groups. Conclusions Younger patients with AMI were more likely to be smokers with no hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or previous AMI. In contrast, they were more likely to have hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, single-vessel disease, Type C lesions, and a history of drug-eluting stent use.

Keywords

• acute myocardial infarction
• atherosclerosis
• cardiovascular disease
• coronavirus disease 2019