Clinical characteristics of hypertrophic herpes simplex genitalis and treatment outcomes of imiquimod: a retrospective observational study

Abstract

Objective: Atypical presentations of herpes simplex genitalis are becoming more frequent. The aim of this study was to investigate the atypical clinical manifestations and treatment of this infection. Methods: The charts of patients with herpes simplex genitalis who attended our clinics between January 2009 and December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Of 294 patients, 147 (50%) were male with a mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 48.3 (16.8) years. An ulcerative lesion was the most common symptom (48.3%), followed by vesicle clusters (36.4%). The mean duration of symptoms at first visit was 6 days. Oral acyclovir was administered to 87.6% of patients. Hypertrophic manifestations were observed in 4.8% (14/294) of patients; 50% (7/294) were male, with a mean age of 44.5 (SD 9) years. All patients with hypertrophic manifestations were infected with HIV. Hypertrophic manifestations had a mean duration of onset of 53.3 days. Acyclovir was prescribed to 11 (78.6%) patients. The mean duration to cure was 40.9 days. Topical imiquimod was given in six resistant cases (42.9%) as adjunctive therapy. Conclusions: Atypical manifestations of herpes simplex genitalis require careful consideration because their frequency is rising, particularly in patients with HIV infection. Although acyclovir is important in their treatment, imiquimod provides an additional benefit in resistant cases.

Keywords

• Herpes simplex genitalis
• Atypical manifestation
• Hypertrophic type
• HIV infection
• Imiquimod