The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
TeV Analysis of a Source-rich Region with the HAWC Observatory: Is HESS J1809-193 a Potential Hadronic PeVatron?
- A. Albert,
- R. Alfaro,
- C. Alvarez,
- J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez,
- D. Avila Rojas,
- R. Babu,
- E. Belmont-Moreno,
- A. Bernal,
- M. Breuhaus,
- K. S. Caballero-Mora,
- T. Capistrán,
- A. Carramiñana,
- S. Casanova,
- J. Cotzomi,
- E. De la Fuente,
- D. Depaoli,
- N. Di Lalla,
- R. Diaz Hernandez,
- B. L. Dingus,
- M. A. DuVernois,
- C. Espinoza,
- K. L. Fan,
- K. Fang,
- B. Fick,
- N. Fraija,
- J. A. García-González,
- F. Garfias,
- A. Gonzalez Muñoz,
- M. M. González,
- J. A. Goodman,
- S. Groetsch,
- J. P. Harding,
- S. Hernández-Cadena,
- I. Herzog,
- D. Huang,
- F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla,
- P. Hüntemeyer,
- A. Iriarte,
- V. Joshi,
- S. Kaufmann,
- A. Lara,
- J. Lee,
- H. León Vargas,
- A. L. Longinotti,
- G. Luis-Raya,
- K. Malone,
- J. Martínez-Castro,
- J. A. Matthews,
- P. Miranda-Romagnoli,
- J. A. Montes,
- J. A. Morales-Soto,
- E. Moreno,
- M. Mostafá,
- L. Nellen,
- M. Newbold,
- M. U. Nisa,
- R. Noriega-Papaqui,
- M. Osorio,
- Y. Pérez Araujo,
- E. G. Pérez-Pérez,
- C. D. Rho,
- D. Rosa-González,
- E. Ruiz-Velasco,
- H. Salazar,
- A. Sandoval,
- M. Schneider,
- J. Serna-Franco,
- A. J. Smith,
- Y. Son,
- R. W. Springer,
- O. Tibolla,
- K. Tollefson,
- I. Torres,
- R. Torres-Escobedo,
- R. Turner,
- F. Ureña-Mena,
- E. Varela,
- X. Wang,
- I. J. Watson,
- E. Willox,
- S. Yun-Cárcamo,
- H. Zhou,
- THE HAWC COLLABORATION
Affiliations
- A. Albert
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USA
- R. Alfaro
- Instituto de F’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- C. Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas , Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
- J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Morelia, Mexico
- D. Avila Rojas
- Instituto de F’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- R. Babu
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA ; [email protected]; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
- E. Belmont-Moreno
- ORCiD
- Instituto de F’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. Bernal
- Instituto de Astronom’ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- M. Breuhaus
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics , 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- K. S. Caballero-Mora
- ORCiD
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas , Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
- T. Capistrán
- Instituto de Astronom’ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof’isica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- S. Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk , IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
- J. Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias F’isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- E. De la Fuente
- Departamento de F’isica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias , Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- D. Depaoli
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics , 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- N. Di Lalla
- Department of Physics, Stanford University: Stanford , CA 94305-4060, USA
- R. Diaz Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof’isica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- B. L. Dingus
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USA
- M. A. DuVernois
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI, USA
- C. Espinoza
- Instituto de F’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- K. L. Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- K. Fang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI, USA
- B. Fick
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA ; [email protected]
- N. Fraija
- Instituto de Astronom’ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. A. García-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
- F. Garfias
- Instituto de Astronom’ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. Gonzalez Muñoz
- Instituto de F’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- M. M. González
- Instituto de Astronom’ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. A. Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- S. Groetsch
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA ; [email protected]
- J. P. Harding
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USA
- S. Hernández-Cadena
- Instituto de F’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- I. Herzog
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
- D. Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas , Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
- P. Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA ; [email protected]
- A. Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronom’ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- V. Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen, Germany
- S. Kaufmann
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca , Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
- A. Lara
- Instituto de Geof’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. Lee
- University of Seoul , Seoul, Republic of Korea
- H. León Vargas
- Instituto de F’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. L. Longinotti
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronom’ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- G. Luis-Raya
- ORCiD
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca , Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
- K. Malone
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigaci’on en Computaci’on, Instituto Polit’ecnico Nacional , Mexico City, Mexico
- J. A. Matthews
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM, USA
- P. Miranda-Romagnoli
- ORCiD
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Pachuca, Mexico
- J. A. Montes
- Instituto de Astronom’ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. A. Morales-Soto
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Morelia, Mexico
- E. Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias F’isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- M. Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
- L. Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- M. Newbold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- M. U. Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
- R. Noriega-Papaqui
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Pachuca, Mexico
- M. Osorio
- Instituto de Astronom’ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Y. Pérez Araujo
- Instituto de F’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- E. G. Pérez-Pérez
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca , Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
- C. D. Rho
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- D. Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof’isica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- E. Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics , 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- H. Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias F’isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- A. Sandoval
- Instituto de F’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- M. Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- J. Serna-Franco
- Instituto de F’isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. J. Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- Y. Son
- University of Seoul , Seoul, Republic of Korea
- R. W. Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- O. Tibolla
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca , Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
- K. Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
- I. Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof’isica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- R. Torres-Escobedo
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- R. Turner
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA ; [email protected]
- F. Ureña-Mena
- ORCiD
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof’isica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- E. Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias F’isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- X. Wang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA ; [email protected]
- I. J. Watson
- University of Seoul , Seoul, Republic of Korea
- E. Willox
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- S. Yun-Cárcamo
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- H. Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- THE HAWC COLLABORATION
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad59a6
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 972,
no. 1
p. 21
Abstract
HESS J1809-193 is an unidentified TeV source, first detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) collaboration. The emission originates in a source-rich region that includes several supernova remnants (SNRs) and pulsars including SNR G11.1+0.1, SNR G11.0-0.0, and the young radio pulsar PSR J1809-1917. Originally classified as a pulsar wind nebula candidate, recent studies show the peak of the TeV region overlapping with a system of molecular clouds. This resulted in the revision of the original leptonic scenario to look for alternate hadronic scenarios. Marked as a potential PeVatron candidate, this region has been studied extensively by H.E.S.S. due to its emission extending up to several tens of TeV. In this work, we use 2398 days of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a systematic source search of the HESS J1809-193 region. We were able to resolve emission detected as an extended component (modelled as a symmetric Gaussian with a 1 σ radius of 0.°21) with no clear cutoff at high energies and emitting photons up to 210 TeV. We model the multiwavelength observations for the region around HESS J1809-193 using a time-dependent leptonic model and a lepto-hadronic model. Our model indicates that both scenarios could explain the observed data within the region of HESS J1809-193.
Keywords
