ABOUT OF ONE PALACE IN RUSSIA IN LATE XVIII - FIRST QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURIES

Abstract

The article attempts to analyze, first of all, the situation of former small servants, the so-called odnodvorets, who lived mainly in the Central Chernozem region and changed their legal status after the threat of invasions from the Crimean khanate and the Ottoman Empire to the Central regions of Russia in the late 17th century, as well as after the Peter the great tax reform of the turn of the 1710s-1720s and became a special group among the so-called state or state-owned peasants. Despite their transformation in the XVIII century into a taxable category of the population with all the resulting legal features, they retained the right to own their own single-court peasants (who, despite this, were also among the state peasants), as well as the very opportunity to achieve a noble title through the service. The situation in this regard did not change during the entire XVIII century, including in the era of «Palace pereorotov», and under Catherine II. Certain changes in this regard began to occur during the reigns of the emperors Paul I and Alexander I, when, generally speaking, a turn in government policy on the Krestyan question began. With a relatively small change in the status of odnokvortsev as a somewhat privileged part of the state village, the main innovations will be associated with the appearance of a certain possibility of their release to the will of their peasants, which met the wishes (not always) of the odnokvortsev, the peasants, and the state. This plot is almost not developed in the domestic and world historiography.

Keywords

• freeholders
• odnodvortsev peasants
• the peasant question
• autocracy
• nobility
• service people