Work-family conflicts and sickness absence due to mental disorders among female municipal employees – a register-linked study comparing health and social care employees to employees in other sectors

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine (i) if work-to-family conflicts (WtFC) and family-to-work conflicts (FtWC) are associated with sickness absence due to mental disorders and (ii) whether these associations are different among health and social care (HSC) employees compared to other municipal employee sectors. METHODS: The Helsinki Health Study survey data collected in 2017 among 19–39-year-old female municipal employees (N=2557) were prospectively linked to administrative Social Insurance Institution of Finland register data on long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (SA-MD) covering a follow-up of up to five years. The associations of WtFC and FtWC and SA-MD were analyzed using Cox regression models stratified by employment sector (HSC, education, other), adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates. RESULTS: Of HSC employees, 16% had SA-MD during the follow-up, which surpassed the figures for employees in education (12%) and other (11%) sectors. In the HSC sector, the youngest employees had the highest prevalence of SA-MD and, among HSC employees, prior SA-MD was the most common. In Kaplan–Meier curves, the steepest increase in SA-MD was observed for HSC employees. WtFC [hazard ratio (HR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–2.45] and FtWC (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.32–2.40) were associated with SA-MD among HSC employees. The associations were rather similar for employees in education and other sectors. Adjusting for work-related factors and health history somewhat attenuated the associations. CONCLUSIONS: Better possibilities to combine work and family life might aid in preventing SA-MD in all employment sectors.

Keywords

• sick leave
• mental health
• sickness absence
• municipal employee
• work–family conflict
• mental disorder
• register-linked study
• healthcare worker
• social care
• work–family interface