Estimating Shape Parameters of Piecewise Linear-Quadratic Problems

Abstract

Piecewise Linear-Quadratic (PLQ) penalties are widely used to develop models in statistical inference, signal processing, and machine learning. Common examples of PLQ penalties include least squares, Huber, Vapnik, 1-norm, and their asymmetric generalizations. Properties of these estimators depend on the choice of penalty and its shape parameters, such as degree of asymmetry for the quantile loss, and transition point between linear and quadratic pieces for the Huber function.In this paper, we develop a statistical framework that can help the modeler to automatically tune shape parameters once the shape of the penalty has been chosen. The choice of the parameter is informed by the basic notion that each PLQ penalty should correspond to a true statistical density. The normalization constant inherent in this requirement helps to inform the optimization over shape parameters, giving a joint optimization problem over these as well as primary parameters of interest. A second contribution is to consider optimization methods for these joint problems. We show that basic first-order methods can be immediately brought to bear, and design specialized extensions of interior point (IP) methods for PLQ problems that can quickly and efficiently solve the joint problem. Synthetic problems and larger-scale practical examples illustrate the utility of the approach. Code for the new IP method is implemented using the Julia language (https://github.com/UW-AMO/shape-parameters/tree/ojmo).