Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the orofacial region: A narrative review

Abstract

Ewing's sarcoma is the second most common bone tumor of the jaw, frequently occurring in patients aged between 5-25 years. Presentation in the jaw facilitates an early diagnosis. The objective of this review was to summarize the clinical findings, histopathology, management, and prognosis of Ewing's sarcoma of the orofacial region based on the available literature. We searched in Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases using various medical subject headings terms such as “Ewing's sarcoma” or “Ewing's tumor” and keywords such as “oral” or “jaw” or “maxilla” or “mandible” to identify the case reports and case series published in the English language between January 2011 and November 2022. We included 14 case reports for this review, with one interesting report of a patient with Ewing's sarcoma involving the masseter muscle and two case reports of tumors arising in the maxillary sinus. The most common locations were the mandible and the maxilla. Many of the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features were similar between the cases. Our review suggests that early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach may improve survival in these patients.

Keywords

• ewing's sarcoma
• head-and-neck sarcoma
• pnet
• peripheral neuroectodermal tumor
• mandible
• oral cavity
• maxilla