Utility of green chemistry for sustainable fluorescence derivatization approach for quantification of fingolimod as antineoplastic drug in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma

Abstract

Fingolimod is the immune-suppressive medication, that largely used for multiple sclerosis treatment, thought to be the most prevalent inflammatory condition affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Here in, a second spectrofluorimetric method was advanced for quantifying of fingolimod in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma. That method depends on fluorescence derivatization of fingolimod with 4‑chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) at 75°C in a (pH 9) of borate buffer to produce a fluorescent derivative which can be detected at 540 nm afterwards excitation at 475 nm. The method has been validated using international conference of harmonization (ICH criteria), and it demonstrated linearity in a range of 1–100 ngmL−1. The proposed method was applied precisely and accurately for quantifying fingolimod within pharmaceutical formulation and spiking human plasma without any interferences. The proposed method was more sensitive, about six folds of intensity of the reported spectrofluorometric method and greenness comparison was done only on the proposed method . Moreover, the method's sustainability was evaluated and compared to the published method using two greenness assessment tools termed analytical eco-scale and Analytical GREENness (AGREE). That findings suggest that the method is more sustainable than the published method.

Keywords

• Fluorescence derivatization
• Fingolimod
• NBD-Cl
• Green spectrofluorimetric method