Merits and Limitations of Element Balances as a Forest Planning Tool for Harvest Intensities and Sustainable Nutrient Management—A Case Study from Germany
Bernd Ahrends,
Klaus von Wilpert,
Wendelin Weis,
Christian Vonderach,
Gerald Kändler,
Dietmar Zirlewagen,
Carina Sucker,
Heike Puhlmann
Affiliations
Bernd Ahrends
Department of Environmental Control, Northwest German Forest Research Institute (NW-FVA), D-37079 Goettingen, Germany
Klaus von Wilpert
Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg (FVA-BW), D-79100 Freiburg, Germany
Wendelin Weis
Department of Soil and Climate, Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, D-85354 Freising, Germany
Christian Vonderach
Department of Biometry and Information Sciences, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg (FVA-BW), D-79100 Freiburg, Germany
Gerald Kändler
Department of Biometry and Information Sciences, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg (FVA-BW), D-79100 Freiburg, Germany
Dietmar Zirlewagen
INTERRA, Bureau for Environmental Monitoring, St. Peter Str. 30, D-79341 Kenzingen, Germany
Carina Sucker
Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg (FVA-BW), D-79100 Freiburg, Germany
Heike Puhlmann
Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg (FVA-BW), D-79100 Freiburg, Germany
Climate change and rising energy costs have led to increasing interest in the use of tree harvest residues as feedstock for bioenergy in recent years. With an increasing use of wood biomass and harvest residues, essential nutrient elements are removed from the forest ecosystems. Hence, nutrient sustainable management is mandatory for planning of intensive forest use. We used soil nutrient balances to identify regions in Germany where the output of base cations by leaching and biomass utilization was not balanced by the input via weathering and atmospheric deposition. The effects of conventional stem harvesting, stem harvesting without bark, and whole-tree harvesting on Ca, Mg and K balances were studied. The nutrient balances were calculated using regular forest monitoring data supplemented by additional data from scientific projects. Effective mitigation management strategies and options are discussed and calculations for the compensation of the potential depletion of nutrients in the soil are presented.
