Global feather orientations changed by electric current
Ting-Xin Jiang,
Ang Li,
Chih-Min Lin,
Cathleen Chiu,
Jung-Hwa Cho,
Brian Reid,
Min Zhao,
Robert H. Chow,
Randall Bruce Widelitz,
Cheng-Ming Chuong
Affiliations
Ting-Xin Jiang
Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA
Ang Li
Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA
Chih-Min Lin
Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA
Cathleen Chiu
Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA
Jung-Hwa Cho
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
Brian Reid
Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
Min Zhao
Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
Robert H. Chow
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
Randall Bruce Widelitz
Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA; Corresponding author
Cheng-Ming Chuong
Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA; Corresponding author
Summary: During chicken skin development, each feather bud exhibits its own polarity, but a population of buds organizes with a collective global orientation. We used embryonic dorsal skin, with buds aligned parallel to the rostral-caudal body axis, to explore whether exogenous electric fields affect feather polarity. Interestingly, brief exogenous current exposure prior to visible bud formation later altered bud orientations. Applying electric pulses perpendicular to the body rostral-caudal axis realigned bud growth in a collective swirl, resembling an electric field pointing toward the anode. Perturbed buds show normal molecular expression and morphogenesis except for their altered orientation. Epithelial-mesenchymal recombination demonstrates the effects of exogenous electric fields are mediated through the epithelium. Small-molecule channel inhibitor screens show Ca2+ channels and PI3 Kinase are involved in controlling feather bud polarity. This work reveals the importance of bioelectricity in organ development and regeneration and provides an explant culture platform for experimentation.
