Association between night shift work and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort-based meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract Background The impact of night shift work on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not well understood. This meta-analysis assesses the association between night shift work and the risk of developing T2DM and explores this relationship across various subgroups. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library from their inception until February 2024. We employed hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) to quantify the association between night shift work and T2DM risk. Results Our analysis synthesized data from 9 articles encompassing 10 cohort studies. Overall, night shift workers exhibited a 30% increased incidence of T2DM compared to their daytime counterparts (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: [1.18, 1.43], P 30 kg/m2, night shift work was associated with an increased T2DM risk (HR = 1.14, P = 0.007), whereas there was no significant association for those with a BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2 (P = 0.255). Further, the risk of T2DM increased with longer durations of night shift work; workers with more than 10 years of night shift work faced a higher T2DM risk than those with 10 years or fewer (HR for > 10 years = 1.17, 95% CI: [1.10, 1.24]; HR for ≤ 10 years = 1.06, 95% CI: [1.03, 1.10]). Conclusion Findings suggest potential link between night shift work and T2DM risk. Longer durations of night shift work may increase the risk of T2DM. There may be gender differences (greater harm in women, but the male sample size is small) and obesity differences.

Keywords

• Night shift work
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Gender
• BMI
• Risk
• Meta-analysis