FEATURES OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF IMPACTED TEETH (A LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract

Research rationale. Impacted teeth are those that remain partially or completely in the bony tissue or under the mucous membrane for 2 years after the term of their physiological eruption. The issues of the impacted teeth diagnostics, clinical manifestations and treatment features in young children have been studied according to the literature sources data; the significant rate of impacted mandibular third molars (up to 22%), maxillary third molars (up to 18%) and maxillary canines (4%) has been determined. The presence of impacted teeth requires a thorough diagnostics and a balanced approach to the choice of treatment method; the latter depends on the clinical situation, the patient’s age and general somatic status. With the right choice of treatment method, the success of restoring the integrity of the dental arch, aesthetics and function is significant. Objective: an analysis of literature sources regarding the issues of clinical manifestations, diagnostics and treatment of maxillary and mandibular impacted teeth in young people. Presentation of the main material. A literature review demonstrated the presence of a significant number of impacted teeth classifications based on clinical data; part of the classifications was based on modern x-ray studies (CBCT - Cone beam computed tomography). Many research works on resorption of the teeth roots located next to the impacted ones have been analysed; a variety of methods for treating dental retention has been reviewed. Conclusions and their discussions. Impacted teeth remain rather common pathology in young people, which requires a balanced approach to the diagnostics and to the choice of treatment method, as only correct management of such patients can lead to beneficial result. In the examination algorithm it is mandatory to establish the position of the impacted tooth axis in the jaw and in relation to the adjacent teeth axis; the condition of the alveolar bone, the age of the patients and their general somatic status are also of great importance. The choice of treatment method, such as orthodontic, surgical and combined, with the additional use of periodontal surgery and physiotherapy treatment should be individual, followed by monitoring and regular medical check-up.

Keywords

• impacted teeth, orthodontic treatment, X-ray diagnostics, surgical treatment, prevalence of pathology.