Comprehensive Highlights of the Universal Efforts towards the Development of COVID-19 Vaccine
Riyaz Ahamed Shaik,
Mohammed Shakil Ahmad,
Mansour Alzahrani,
Nasser A. N. Alzerwi,
Ahmad K. Alnemare,
Musaed Reyzah,
Haitham M. Albar,
Salah Alshagrawi,
Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa,
Raed Alzahrani,
Yousef Alrohaimi,
Turki M. Bin Mahfoz,
Ritu Kumar Ahmad,
Riyadh Ahmed Alahmdi,
Nora Raid Saleem Al-baradie
Affiliations
Riyaz Ahamed Shaik
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Shakil Ahmad
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Mansour Alzahrani
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Nasser A. N. Alzerwi
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad K. Alnemare
Otolaryngology Department, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Musaed Reyzah
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Haitham M. Albar
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Salah Alshagrawi
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
Raed Alzahrani
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Yousef Alrohaimi
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Turki M. Bin Mahfoz
Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
Ritu Kumar Ahmad
Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
Riyadh Ahmed Alahmdi
Department of Family Medicine, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah Bin Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Nora Raid Saleem Al-baradie
College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
The world has taken proactive measures to combat the pandemic since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). These measures range from increasing the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and highlighting the value of social distancing to the emergency use authorization (EUA) of therapeutic drugs or antibodies and their appropriate use; nonetheless, the disease is still spreading quickly and is ruining people’s social lives, the economy, and public health. As a result, effective vaccines are critical for bringing the pandemic to an end and restoring normalcy in society. Several potential COVID-19 vaccines are now being researched, developed, tested, and reviewed. Since the end of June 2022, several vaccines have been provisionally approved, whereas others are about to be approved. In the upcoming years, a large number of new medications that are presently undergoing clinical testing are anticipated to hit the market. To illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of their technique, to emphasize the additives and delivery methods used in their creation, and to project potential future growth, this study explores these vaccines and the related research endeavors, including conventional and prospective approaches.
