Psychotic disorders in Parkinson's disease: phenomenology, pathogenesis, therapeutic approaches (modern view on the problem)

Abstract

Psychotic disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) are common non-motor manifestations that have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients and are associated with an unfavourable prognosis. The development and progression of psychotic symptoms in patients with PD is due to a combination of exogenous and endogenous mechanisms, such as an imbalance of neurotransmitter systems, the effect of antiparkinsonian drugs, individual characteristics of the disease course and structural neurodegenerative changes in the brain. Given the heterogeneity of psychotic symptoms and the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, issues of timely identification and choice of therapeutic tactics are important and require special attention from neurologists and psychiatrists in clinical practise. This review highlights modern ideas on phenomenology, risk factors, pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches.

Keywords

• parkinson's disease
• psychosis
• psychotic disorders
• visual hallucinations
• minor hallucinations
• delusion
• atypical neuroleptics