Hybrid transformer convolutional neural network-based radiomics models for osteoporosis screening in routine CT

Abstract

Abstract Objective Early diagnosis of osteoporosis is crucial to prevent osteoporotic vertebral fracture and complications of spine surgery. We aimed to conduct a hybrid transformer convolutional neural network (HTCNN)-based radiomics model for osteoporosis screening in routine CT. Methods To investigate the HTCNN algorithm for vertebrae and trabecular segmentation, 92 training subjects and 45 test subjects were employed. Furthermore, we included 283 vertebral bodies and randomly divided them into the training cohort (n = 204) and test cohort (n = 79) for radiomics analysis. Area receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were applied to compare the performance and clinical value between radiomics models and Hounsfield Unit (HU) values to detect dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) based osteoporosis. Results HTCNN algorithm revealed high precision for the segmentation of the vertebral body and trabecular compartment. In test sets, the mean dice scores reach 0.968 and 0.961. 12 features from the trabecular compartment and 15 features from the entire vertebral body were used to calculate the radiomics score (rad score). Compared with HU values and trabecular rad-score, the vertebrae rad-score suggested the best efficacy for osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis discrimination (training group: AUC = 0.95, 95%CI 0.91–0.99; test group: AUC = 0.97, 95%CI 0.93–1.00) and the differences were significant in test group according to the DeLong test (p < 0.05). Conclusions This retrospective study demonstrated the superiority of the HTCNN-based vertebrae radiomics model for osteoporosis discrimination in routine CT.

Keywords

• Radiomics
• Vertebrae
• Convolutional neural network
• Osteoporosis
• Transformer