Simultaneous Preconcentration of Triazole Fungicide Residues Using In-Situ Coacervative Extraction Based on a Double-Solvent Supramolecular System Prior to High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis
Rachaya Buppasang,
Jaruwan Palasak,
Rawikan Kachangoon,
Kraingkrai Ponhong,
Norio Teshima,
Rodjana Burakham,
Supalax Srijaranai,
Jitlada Vichapong
Affiliations
Rachaya Buppasang
Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Jaruwan Palasak
Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Rawikan Kachangoon
Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Kraingkrai Ponhong
Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Norio Teshima
Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota 470-0392, Japan
Rodjana Burakham
Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Supalax Srijaranai
Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Jitlada Vichapong
Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
An in situ coacervative extraction (IS-CAE) based on a double-solvent supramolecular system coupled to liquid–liquid microextraction is investigated for extraction and enrichment of triazole fungicides. The formation of a double-solvent supramolecular system was generated by in situ formation and used as an extraction solvent for the coacervative extraction method. No disperser solvent was required. This new double-solvent supramolecular system has a higher extraction ability than any of its components alone. The different factors that could affect the extraction capability were studied and optimized, including the type of double extractant and its volume, salt addition, vortex time, and centrifugation time. Under optimum extraction conditions, this method provides high enrichment factors (EFs) of 73–318 with low limits of detection (LODs) of 0.3–1 μg L−1 and limits of quantitation (LOQs) of 1–3 μg L−1. In addition, the proposed method was prosperously applied for the determination of triazole fungicides in water, fruit juice, and soy milk samples.
