Зерновое хозяйство России (Nov 2023)
The effect of weather and landscape conditions on productivity of the spring wheat variety ‘Zlata’
Abstract
The current study was carried out in 2010–2022 to determine the effect of weather and landscape conditions on productivity of spring wheat (Triticumaestivum) in a stationary field trial located on a drained soddy-podzolic soil within a terminal moraine hill in the Tver region (ARRIMS). The object was drained by closed pottery drainage. The distance between drains in different agricultural landscapes was 40, 30 and 20 m. In the trial there was a grain-grass crop rotation (oats+grasses – grasses of 1–2 years – winter rye – spring wheat). The crop cultivation was carried out according to extensive technology. The years of different humidity were factor A; factor B was the type of agromicrolandscape, factor C was the type of soil. There has been studied the moisture supply and temperature regime of the soil, spring wheat productivity in various agricultural landscapes. There has been established that the maximum productivity of the spring wheat variety ‘Zlata’ (2.17 t/ha) was obtained in the optimal years for the growth and plant development. In dry years, the value of this indicator decreased by 49–70 % and 51–73 % compared with excessively wet and optimal years, respectively. The variability of wheat productivity raised in dry years to 26 % and decreased to 14.5 % in optimal and excessively wet years. During the period of 2010–2022 the maximum wheat productivity (2.25 t/ha) was obtained in the transit-accumulation variant of the northern slope, its increase was 0.4 t/ha compared to the average for the trial. In years of different moisture availability, there was studied a correlation between spring wheat productivity and various soil parameters. There was obtained a direct correlation dependence of productivity in dry years with the amount of productive moisture (r = 0.70) and with the biological activity of the soil (r = 0.49); an inverse correlation was obtained in excessively wet years with aeration porosity (r = –0.66) and biological activity of the soil (r = –0.55).
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