Estudio experimental del desempeño termodinámico y ambiental en motores diésel operando con mezclas biodiesel de palma-girasol

Abstract

Introduction− Currently, the consumption of fossil resources is increasing due to industrial processes and economic growth. This has caused severe environmental problems and accelerated the depletion of these resources. Objective− This study evaluates the influence of different biodiesel blends produced from sunflower oil residues and industrial liquid palm oil residues on the characteristics of the combustion process, performance, and polluting emissions of CO2, HC, NOx, and opacity of smoke. Methodology− Experimental tests were carried out on a single-cylinder diesel engine. In which, two biodiesel blends PB2SB4 and PB4SB4 were tested. Four different operational modes were measured. Additionally, a diagnostic model was developed to monitor the effect of biodiesel on the pressure and heat transfer rates of the combustion process. Results− The in-cylinder pressure decreases as the percentage of biodiesel in the fuel increases. Similarly, the results show a reduced rate of heat transfer for biodiesel blends. This effect was observed considering the brake efficiency, that reduced in3.8% and 5.4% for PB2SB4 and PB2SB4 as compared to diesel. The analysis of polluting emissions shows that the use of biodiesel from palm and sunflower oil residues reduces the emissions of CO2, HC, and the smoke opacity by 21%, 18.5%, and 10% as compared to the emissions of diesel. However, increased emissions of NOx were observed. Conclusions− Biodiesel blends from palm oil and sunflower oil residues under 8% of biodiesel, have limited effects on the combustion process, fuel consumption, and engine performance. These biodiesel blends reduce the emissions of CO2, HC emissions, and smoke opacity

Keywords

• proceso de combustión
• motor diésel
• emisiones contaminantes
• mezclas de biodiesel