Grayscale Color Mapping with the Mathematical Analysis of an Ultrasound Image in the Differential Diagnosis of Cystic and Solid Breast Masses

Abstract

Objective. Atypical breast cysts are often quite a serious problem in noninvasive ultrasound differential diagnosis. To develop a system for automated analysis of grayscale ultrasound images, which on the principles of mathematical processing would make it possible to increase the specificity of diagnosis in this situation.Material and methods. The authors developed the CystChecker 1.0 software package. To test this system, they used a set of 217 ultrasound images: 107 cystic (including 53 atypical lesions that were hardly differentially diagnosed by standard methods) and 110 solid (both benign and malignant) breast masses. All the masses were verified by cytology and/or histology. Visual assessment was carried out analyzing grayscale ultrasound, color/power Doppler, and elastography images.Results. Using the system developed by the authors could correctly identify all (n = 107 (100%)) typical cysts, 107 (97.3%) of 110 solid masses, and 50 (94.3%) of 53 atypical cysts. On the contrary, the standard visual assessment provided a possibility of correctly identifying all (n = 107 (100%)) typical cysts, 96 (87.3%) of 110 solid masses, and 32 (60.4%) of 53 atypical cysts (p < 0.05). The corresponding values of the overall specificity of automated and visual assessments were 98 and 87%, respectively.Conclusion. Using the system developed by the authors for automated analysis provides a higher specificity than the visual assessment of an ultrasound image, which is carried out by a qualified specialist.

Keywords

• color mapping
• grayscale
• ultrasound
• cyst
• solid mass
• breast