Based on the demand of China to achieve carbon neutrality and zero carbon energy architecture by 2060, this paper studied the future energy system and the realistic path of energy transformation in China. Combined with the trend of energy technology development and the actual situation of China’s current energy system dominated by fossil energy, the hard constraints of China’s energy transformation were analyzed. By comparing and studying the feasibility, the main challenges of different technology options for carbon neutrality energy solutions, and the global energy development trend, this paper deduced the realistic path of realizing carbon neutrality energy architecture and zero carbon energy transformation in 2060 under the premise of ensuring national energy security. Finally, the key technologies and the policy measures were put forward, which should be promoted to build a novel energy system with renewable energy as the main body for the future.
