Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical (Jan 2011)

PRODUTIVIDADE DO ARROZ DE TERRAS ALTAS EM FUNÇÃO DO MANEJO DO SOLO E DA ÉPOCA DE APLICAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO UPLAND RICE YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND NITROGEN APPLICATION TIMES

  • Tarcísio Cobucci,
  • Priscila de Oliveira,
  • Raimundo Ricardo Rabelo,
  • João Kluthcouski,
  • Adriano Stephan Nascente,
  • Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol

DOI
https://doi.org/10.5216/pat.v41i1.6509
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 41, no. 1

Abstract

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<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: "></span> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">O manejo adequado do solo e a identifica&ccedil;&atilde;o da &eacute;poca de aplica&ccedil;&atilde;o de N podem aumentar, significativamente, a produtividade do arroz de terras altas. Neste contexto, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a intera&ccedil;&atilde;o do manejo do solo com a &eacute;poca de aplica&ccedil;&atilde;o de nitrog&ecirc;nio, no desenvolvimento e produtividade da cultura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2, sendo 5 tipos de manejo do solo (arado de aiveca e grade niveladora; grade aradora e grade niveladora; escarificador tipo &ldquo;matabroto&rdquo;; SPD; e &ldquo;Aeromix&rdquo; - equipamento de escarifica&ccedil;&atilde;o superficial) e duas &eacute;pocas de aplica&ccedil;&atilde;o de nitrog&ecirc;nio (todo N na base, sendo 45 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> de nitrog&ecirc;nio aplicados com adubadora de tra&ccedil;&atilde;o mec&acirc;nica, 1 dia antes da semeadura do arroz, + 45 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> de nitrog&ecirc;nio aplicados no ato da semeadura; e 45 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> de nitrog&ecirc;nio aplicados no ato da semeadura + 45 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> aplicados no in&iacute;cio do perfilhamento das plantas), com 4 repeti&ccedil;&otilde;es. N&atilde;o houve intera&ccedil;&atilde;o dos fatores, para a vari&aacute;vel estande final de plantas. Nos tratamentos onde houve revolvimento de solo com arado de aiveca e grade, observou-se maior produtividade quando o nitrog&ecirc;nio foi parcelado. Quando o nitrog&ecirc;nio foi aplicado todo no plantio, o tratamento com escarificador tipo &ldquo;matabroto&rdquo; apresentou a maior produtividade, diferindo de todos os outros tratamentos. O plantio convencional (aiveca ou grade) apresentou produtividade semelhante ao SPD, quando se aplicou o N todo no plantio. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">PALAVRAS-CHAVE:<strong> </strong><em>Oryza sativa</em>; plantio direto; plantio convencional; escarifica&ccedil;&atilde;o.</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Proper soil management and N application time can significantly increase upland rice yield. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between soil management and nitrogen application time on upland rice development and yield. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5x2 factorial scheme, consisting of five soil management systems (moldboard plow and leveling disc harrow; harrow plow and leveling disc harrow; &ldquo;matabroto&rdquo;-type scarifier; no-tillage; and &ldquo;Aeromix&rdquo; - superficial scarification equipment) and two N application times (all N in the base, being 45 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of N applied with the aid of a mechanical traction fertilizer machine, 1 day before rice sowing, + 45 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of N at sowing; and 45 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of N at sowing + 45 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> at the beginning of plant tillering), with 4 repetitions. There was no interaction among factors, concerning final plants stand. For treatments where the soil was plowed by using moldboard plow and disk harrow, yield was higher when the nitrogen was parceled out. When nitrogen was all applied during the planting time, the treatment with the &ldquo;matabroto&rdquo;-type scarifier presented the highest yield, differing statistically from all the other treatments. Conventional tillage yield (moldboard plow or disk harrow) was similar to no-tillage, when all N was applied during the planting time.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">KEY-WORDS: <em>Oryza sativa</em>; no-tillage; conventional tillage; scarification.</span></span></span></p>

Keywords