In Vitro Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-Migratory Effects of <i>Marantodes pumilum</i> (syn. <i>Labisia pumila</i>) Extracts on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines: Bioguided Isolation of 5-Henicosene-1-yl-resorcinol

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of Marantodes pumilum Blume Kuntze plant extracts on prostate cancer cells, identify the active compound/s, and characterize their mechanism of action. The crude methanolic extract was partitioned into n-hexane (MPh), chloroform (MPc), and aqueous (MPa) extracts. Antiproliferative fractions (IC50 p 0.05) via apoptosis, as evidenced by nuclear DNA fragmentation and an increase in MMP depolarization (p 0.05) as well as the activation of caspases 3/7 (MPc p 0.01) in both PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. In addition, MPc upregulated Bax and Smac/DIABLO, downregulated Bcl-2 (p 0.05), and inhibited ALOX-5 mRNA gene expression (p 0.001). MPc was not cytotoxic against normal human fibroblast cells (HDFa) at the tested concentrations. Moreover, MPc inhibited migration and invasion of PC3 cells (p 0.01). These effects were accompanied by the downregulation of both VEGF-A and CXCL-12 gene expressions (p 0.001). A monounsaturated 5-alkyl resorcinol was isolated as the active compound in the MPc extract and identified as 5-henicosene-1-yl-resorcinol.

Keywords

• apoptosis
• migration
• invasion
• prostate cancer
• <i>Marantodes pumilum</i>