STABILITY AND PLASTICITY OF COLLECTION SAMPLES OF BREAD SPRING WHEAT BY PRODUCTIVITY INDICES

Abstract

The results of evaluation of ecological stability and plasticity of 20 collection samples of bread spring wheat by productivity indices for 2015–2017 are presented. During the research, weather conditions differed from the average long-term indicators of temperature regime, the amount of precipitation and their distribution in some months that gave an opportunity to evaluate wheat collection material by adaptability and to identify the best. Collection samples were differentiated by the grain number per spike. 2016 was the most favorable for growth and development of plants (HTC = 1.25), with the index of conditions 3.5, and the average grain number per spike 40.9. According to the trait, the samples Laska, Sudarynya (BLR), Margarita, Chelyaba yubileynaya (RUS), Shortandinskaya 95 uluch. (KAZ) etc. with regression coefficient (bi = 0.69-0.99) were identified. This testifies to the plasticity of these genotypes in stressful conditions and therefore they are promising for use in breeding for the trait. Meteorological conditions of cultivation significantly influenced on grain formation with a high weight of 1000 grains, which caused a significant variation of this trait during the years of study. There were identified the samples which when weather conditions fluctuate had regression coefficient close to one (bi = 0.63-0.96) Shortandinskaya 95 uluch., Astana, Kazakhstanskaya 22 (KAZ), Laska (BLR), Dobrynya, Margarita, Altayskaya 99 (RUS), MIP Zlata, Erythrospermum 12-36 (UKR) etc. By grain weight per spike there were found samples: Erythrospermum 12-36 (UKR), Astana, Zhenis, Kazakhstanskaya 22, Shortandinskaya 95 uluch. (KAZ), Sudarynya (BLR), Chelyaba yubileynaya, Altayskaya 99 (RUS) etc. with values of bi = 0.58-0.97. They are of great importance in spring wheat breeding for given trait and may be involved in hybridization. As a result of the researches conducted, stable and plastic collection samples of bread spring wheat were distinguished by productivity indices (grain number per spike, weight of 1000 grains, grain mass of per spike) Shortandinskaya 95 uluch., Kazakhstanskaya 22 (KAZ), Margarita (RUS), Laska, Sudarynya (BLR), MIP Zlata (UKR), which can be used in the breeding process as a source material for increasing adaptive capacity