The Symbiotic Effect of a New Nutraceutical with Yeast β-Glucan, Prebiotics, Minerals, and <i>Silybum marianum</i> (Silymarin) for Recovering Metabolic Homeostasis via <i>Pgc-1α</i>, <i>Il-6</i>, and <i>Il-10</i> Gene Expression in a Type-2 Diabetes Obesity Model
Aline Boveto Santamarina,
Ruan Carlos Macêdo Moraes,
Victor Nehmi Filho,
Gilson Masahiro Murata,
Jéssica Alves de Freitas,
Danielle Araujo de Miranda,
Anderson Romério Azevedo Cerqueira,
Soraia Katia Pereira Costa,
Ana Flávia Fernandes Ferreira,
Luiz Roberto Britto,
Juliana Alves de Camargo,
Daniela Rodrigues de Oliveira,
Flavia Neto de Jesus,
José Pinhata Otoch,
Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
Affiliations
Aline Boveto Santamarina
Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
Ruan Carlos Macêdo Moraes
Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
Victor Nehmi Filho
Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
Gilson Masahiro Murata
Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-29), Clinic Medical Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
Jéssica Alves de Freitas
Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
Danielle Araujo de Miranda
Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
Anderson Romério Azevedo Cerqueira
Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
Soraia Katia Pereira Costa
Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
Ana Flávia Fernandes Ferreira
Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
Luiz Roberto Britto
Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
Juliana Alves de Camargo
Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-55), Urology Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
Daniela Rodrigues de Oliveira
Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
Flavia Neto de Jesus
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine Alberta, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
José Pinhata Otoch
Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
The use of natural products and derivatives for the prevention and control of non-communicable chronic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and hepatic steatosis is a way to achieve homeostasis through different metabolic pathways. Thus, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following groups: high-fat diet (HFD) vehicle, HFD + Supplemented, HFD + Supplemented_S, and isolated compounds. The vehicle and experimental formulations were administered orally by gavage once a day over the four weeks of the diet (28 consecutive days). We evaluated the energy homeostasis, cytokines, and mitochondrial gene expression in these groups of mice. After four weeks of supplementation, only the new nutraceutical group (HFD + Supplemented) experienced reduced fasting glycemia, insulin, HOMA index, HOMA-β, dyslipidemia, ectopic fat deposition, and hepatic fibrosis levels. Additionally, the PPARγ coactivator 1 α (Pgc-1α), interleukin-6 (Il-6), and interleukin-10 (Il-10) gene expression were augmented, while hepatic steatosis decreased and liver parenchyma was recovered. The glutathione-S-transferase activity status was found to be modulated by the supplement. We discovered that the new nutraceutical was able to improve insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis mainly by regulating IL-6, IL-10, and Pgc-1α gene expression.
