Metformin use and its association with various outcomes in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care facility

Abstract

Background Evidence shows that diabetes raises the probability of contracting COVID-19 and associated complications. We hypothesize that metformin, being pleiotropic, may improve COVID-19 in diabetics.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 421 COVID-19 patients with diabetes, hospitalized between 1st April 2020 and 31st March 2022 in a tertiary-care hospital. Patients with metformin or its combination constituted the study cohort (SC; n = 221), while other antidiabetics constituted the reference cohort (RC; n = 200).Results SC and RC were matched for mean age ± SD (SC: 53.3 ± 5.7 vs. RC: 54.3 ± 8.2 years). The mean length of hospitalization (days) was significantly shorter in SC (9.0 ± 5.7) than in RC (12.7 ± 6) (p < 0.02). Metformin use was associated with reduction in mortality risk (OR: 0.106, 95% CI = 0.039–0.287; p < 0.001). Moreover, SC also improved levels of LDH (OR: 0.243, 95% CI = 0.104–0.566; p < 0.001), CRP (OR: 0.281, 95% CI = 0.120–0.659; p < 0.004), and D-dimer (OR: 0.220, 95% CI = 0.089–0.539; p < 0.001) than RC. The calculated number needed to treat for metformin was 3.1.Conclusion Metformin users have a decrease in hospital stay and mortality rates and improvement in LDH, CRP, and D-dimer levels. Therefore, metformin might protect against mortality in COVID-19 with diabetes.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• diabetes
• metformin
• mortality
• SARS-CoV-2