Current and Future Trends on Diagnosis and Prognosis of Glioblastoma: From Molecular Biology to Proteomics
Artemiy S. Silantyev,
Luca Falzone,
Massimo Libra,
Olga I. Gurina,
Karina Sh. Kardashova,
Taxiarchis K. Nikolouzakis,
Alexander E. Nosyrev,
Christopher W. Sutton,
Panayiotis D. Mitsias,
Aristides Tsatsakis
Affiliations
Artemiy S. Silantyev
N. I. Pirogov Russian National Medical University, Russian Federal Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
Luca Falzone
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnlogical Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
Massimo Libra
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnlogical Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
Olga I. Gurina
Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky National Research Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry, Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, 119034 Moscow, Russia
Karina Sh. Kardashova
Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky National Research Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry, Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, 119034 Moscow, Russia
Taxiarchis K. Nikolouzakis
Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School of Heraklion, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Alexander E. Nosyrev
Federal State Institution V. P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology National Scientific Research Center on Addictions of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 119002 Moscow, Russia
Christopher W. Sutton
Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK
Panayiotis D. Mitsias
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Aristides Tsatsakis
Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Due to the absence of effective pharmacological and surgical treatments, the identification of early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is of key importance to improve the survival rate of patients and to develop new personalized treatments. On these bases, the aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the application of molecular biology and proteomics techniques for the identification of novel biomarkers through the analysis of different biological samples obtained from glioblastoma patients, including DNA, microRNAs, proteins, small molecules, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, etc. Both benefits and pitfalls of molecular biology and proteomics analyses are discussed, including the different mass spectrometry-based analytical techniques, highlighting how these investigation strategies are powerful tools to study the biology of glioblastoma, as well as to develop advanced methods for the management of this pathology.
