Assessment of the Toxicity of Biocompatible Materials Supporting Bone Regeneration: Impact of the Type of Assay and Used Controls
Milena Chraniuk,
Mirosława Panasiuk,
Lilit Hovhannisyan,
Sabina Żołędowska,
Dawid Nidzworski,
Lidia Ciołek,
Anna Woźniak,
Agnieszka Kubiś,
Natalia Karska,
Zbigniew Jaegermann,
Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło,
Monika Biernat,
Beata Gromadzka
Affiliations
Milena Chraniuk
Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland
Mirosława Panasiuk
Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland
Lilit Hovhannisyan
Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland
Sabina Żołędowska
Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland
Dawid Nidzworski
Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland
Lidia Ciołek
Biomaterials Research Group, Ceramic and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
Anna Woźniak
Biomaterials Research Group, Ceramic and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
Agnieszka Kubiś
Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
Natalia Karska
Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
Zbigniew Jaegermann
Biomaterials Research Group, Ceramic and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło
Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
Monika Biernat
Biomaterials Research Group, Ceramic and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
Beata Gromadzka
Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland
Assessing the toxicity of new biomaterials dedicated to bone regeneration can be difficult. Many reports focus only on a single toxicity parameter, which may be insufficient for a detailed evaluation of the new material. Moreover, published data frequently do not include control cells exposed to the environment without composite or its extract. Here we present the results of two assays used in the toxicological assessment of materials’ extracts (the integrity of the cellular membrane and the mitochondrial activity/proliferation), and the influence of different types of controls used on the obtained results. Results obtained in the cellular membrane integrity assay showed a lack of toxic effects of all tested extracts, and no statistical differences between them were present. Control cells, cells incubated with chitosan extract or chitosan-bioglass extract were used as a reference in proliferation calculations to highlight the impact of controls used on the result of the experiment. The use of different baseline controls caused variability between obtained proliferation results, and influenced the outcome of statistical analysis. Our findings confirm the thesis that the type of control used in an experiment can change the final results, and it may affect the toxicological assessment of biomaterial.
