Clinical profile of the spectrum of multiple myeloma in a teaching hospital

Abstract

Aim: To analyze the clinical and laboratory features of multiple myeloma (MM). Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study of 20 newly diagnosed patients with MM over a period of 1 year in a tertiary health-care center. Materials and Methods: Based on Salmon-Durie criteria, newly diagnosed 20 patients of MM were selected for the study. Routine hematological and biochemical investigations, bone marrow examination, serum protein electrophoresis and urine for Bence Jones protein were done. Radiological investigations conducted to look for osteolytic lesions, extramedullary involvement and other pathologies. Results: Out of total 20 patients, 10 were males and 10 were females with sixth decade as the common age group at presentation. Common clinical symptoms were bone pains, localized body swelling, fever, generalized weakness and fatigue and motor weakness of lower limbs. Clinical examination revealed pallor in 80% patients, bony tenderness in 85% patients and 55% patients presented with infections. All patients had a presence of M band on serum protein electrophoresis, whereas 30% patients had urinary Bonce Jones protein positive. Among skeletal system spine and skull were the common sites of involvement 60% and 55%, respectively. Nearly, 85% patients had osteolytic lesions. Conclusions: Among 20 patients; various clinical presentations observed were infections, renal impairment, paraplegia and extramedullary plasmacytosis in addition to anemia and bony pains.

Keywords

• Lytic lesions
• M band
• multiple myeloma