Urolithiasis is a medically significant crystallization process affecting the urinary tract. Kidney stones exhibit considerable diversity as they form in complex environments containing various molecules and pathogens. Understanding the formation and occurrence of kidney stones is essential for developing strategies to prevent or reduce the invasiveness of treatments. In this study, we investigated over 300 cases of urolithiasis in Styria, Austria. The composition of the stones was evaluated using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Most stones were found to be heterogeneous, predominantly composed of calcium oxalate, followed by calcium phosphate. Other components such as struvite, uric acid, and cystine were present to a lesser extent and were more likely to form homogeneous crystals. Analyzing the occurrence of these different stone types provides valuable insights into the formation processes of kidney stones and can aid in the prevention of urolithiasis in the future.
