Kidney Medicine (Jan 2021)
Kidney microRNA-21 Expression and Kidney Function in IgA NephropathyPlain-Language Summary
Abstract
Rationale & Objective: Previous studies have suggested that microRNA-21 (miR-21) plays an important role in kidney fibrosis. We examined the relationship between intrarenal miR-21 level and rate of kidney function loss in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants: 40 patients with IgAN and 10 with hypertensive nephrosclerosis as controls. Predictors: miR-21 levels in kidney biopsy specimen and urinary sediment, quantified as ratio to the housekeeping gene. Outcomes: Kidney event–free survival and rate of kidney function decline. Analytic Approach: Time-to-event and correlation analysis. Results: The IgAN group had significantly higher intrarenal miR-21 expression compared with the hypertensive nephrosclerosis group (1.71 [IQR, 0.99-2.77] vs 0.31 [IQR, 0.25-1.32]; P < 0.0001), but urinary miR-21 levels were similar. Intrarenal miR-21 expression had significant but modest correlation with severity of glomerulosclerosis (r = 0.293; P = 0.05) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (r = 0.341; P = 0.03). Patients with high intrarenal miR-21 expression had significantly higher risk for developing kidney end points compared with those with low expression (log-rank test, P = 0.017). Univariate Cox analysis showed that intrarenal miR-21 expression significantly predicted the development of kidney end points (unadjusted HR, 1.586; 95% CI, 1.179-2.134; P = 0.002). However, the result was just short of statistical significance after adjusting for the severity of histologic damage (P = 0.06). There was also a significant correlation between intrarenal miR-21 expression and the slope of kidney function decline by univariate analysis (r = −0.399; P = 0.02). Limitations: Small sample size; uncertain cellular origin of miR-21. Conclusions: We found that intrarenal miR-21 expression is increased in patients with IgAN, modestly correlated with the severity of histologic damage, and predictive of subsequent kidney function loss.
