Improving the Bio-Oil Quality of Residual Biomass Pyrolysis by Chemical Activation: Effect of Alkalis and Acid Pre-Treatment
Gérson Daniel Valdez,
Flávio Pinheiro Valois,
Sammy Jonatan Bremer,
Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra,
Lauro Henrique Hamoy Guerreiro,
Marcelo Costa Santos,
Lucas Pinto Bernar,
Waldeci Paraguassu Feio,
Luiz Gabriel Santos Moreira,
Neyson Martins Mendonça,
Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro,
Sergio Duvoisin,
Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges,
Nélio Teixeira Machado
Affiliations
Gérson Daniel Valdez
Graduate Program of Sanitary and Environment Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Flávio Pinheiro Valois
Graduate Program of Sanitary and Environment Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Sammy Jonatan Bremer
Fachbereich 1, Energy und Informationen, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (HTW-Berlin), Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, 12459 Berlin, Germany
Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra
Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Lauro Henrique Hamoy Guerreiro
Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Marcelo Costa Santos
Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Lucas Pinto Bernar
Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Waldeci Paraguassu Feio
Faculty of Physics, Campus Básico-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Luiz Gabriel Santos Moreira
Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Neyson Martins Mendonça
Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro
Centro Universitário Luterano de Manaus—CEULM/ULBRA, Avenida Carlos Drummond de Andrade N°. 1460, Manaus 69077-730, Brazil
Sergio Duvoisin
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas-UEA, Avenida Darcy Vargas N°. 1200, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil
Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges
Laboratory of Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Cracking, Section of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Militar de Engenharia-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio N°. 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
Nélio Teixeira Machado
Graduate Program of Sanitary and Environment Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
In this study, we investigated the acid (HCl) and alkali (KOH) chemical activation of açaí seeds (Euterpe Oleraceae, Mart.) pre-treatment before pyrolysis at temperatures of 350–450 °C in order to assess how reactions proceed when affected by temperature. Chemical composition of bio-oil and aqueous phase were determined by GC-MS and FT-IR. The bio-char is characterized by XRD. For the activation with KOH, the XRD analysis identified the presence of Kalicinite (KHCO3), the dominant crystalline phase in bio-char, while an amorphous phase was identified in bio-chars for the activation with HCl. The experiments have shown that bio-oil yield increases with temperature for the KOH activated biomass and decreases for the acid activated one. The KOH bio-oil is primarily composed of alcohols and ketones, showing the lowest acid values when compared with the HCl one, which is composed mainly of carboxylic acids and phenols. An increase in alcohol content and a decrease in ketones in the KOH bio-oil with temperature suggests conversion reactions between these two functions. For HCl bio-oil, carboxylic acid concentration increases with temperature while phenols decrease. For production of hydrocarbons, KOH activated biomass pyrolysis is better than acid-activated one, since no hydrocarbons were produced for HCl bio-oil.
