A cortical rat hemodynamic response function for improved detection of BOLD activation under common experimental conditions

Abstract

For a reliable estimation of neuronal activation based on BOLD fMRI measurements an accurate model of the hemodynamic response is essential. Since a large part of basic neuroscience research is based on small animal data, it is necessary to characterize a hemodynamic response function (HRF) which is optimized for small animals. Therefore, we have determined and investigated the HRFs of rats obtained under a variety of experimental conditions in the primary somatosensory cortex. Measurements were performed on animals of different sex and strain, under different anesthetics, with and without ventilation and using different stimulation modalities. All modalities of stimulation used in this study induced neuronal activity in the primary somatosensory cortex or in subcortical regions. Since the HRFs of the BOLD responses in the primary somatosensory cortex showed a close concordance for the different conditions, we were able to determine a cortical rat HRF. This HRF is based on 143 BOLD measurements of 76 rats and can be used for statistical parametric mapping. It showed substantially faster progression than the human HRF, with a maximum after 2.8 ± 0.8 s, and a following undershoot after 6.1 ± 3.7 s. If the rat HRF was used statistical analysis of rat data showed a significantly improved detection performance in the somatosensory cortex in comparison to the commonly used HRF based on measurements in humans.

Keywords

• BOLD fMRI
• Data analysis
• Rat animal model
• Hemodynamic response function
• Optogenetic stimulation
• Mechanical stimulation