Advances in Nanomaterials: Types, Synthesis, and Manufacturing Methods

Abstract

By virtue of their unique properties at the nanoscale, nanomaterials have revolutionized the field of material science. The current work provides a thorough analysis of nanomaterials, classifying them into three main categories: nanoparticles, nanosolids, and nanoassembled systems. Further analysis of the classes is conducted based on their morphologies, chemical composition, and structural variety, which include carbon-based nanomaterials such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene. Moreover, the synthesis and manufacturing techniques of nanomaterials are analyzed, with a particular focus on physical and chemical approaches. The methods highlighted for their ability to produce nanomaterials with a broad variety of applications include gas evaporation, vacuum condensation, sputtering, yeast-cell-based synthesis, and sol-gel processing. The major aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive guide on the classification, properties, and production techniques of nanomaterials, thereby enhancing comprehension of their importance in many scientific and practical domains.

Keywords

• nanomaterials
• nanoparticles
• nanosolids
• nanoassembly
• carbon nanotubes
• graphene
• sol-gel method
• gas-phase reaction
• nanofabrication
• yeast-cell-based synthesis
• material science