Graphene-based biosensors for the detection of prostate cancer protein biomarkers: a review
Li Xu,
Yanli Wen,
Santosh Pandit,
Venkata R. S. S. Mokkapati,
Ivan Mijakovic,
Yan Li,
Min Ding,
Shuzhen Ren,
Wen Li,
Gang Liu
Affiliations
Li Xu
Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology
Yanli Wen
Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology
Santosh Pandit
Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
Venkata R. S. S. Mokkapati
Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
Ivan Mijakovic
Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
Yan Li
Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology
Min Ding
Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology
Shuzhen Ren
Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology
Wen Li
Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology
Gang Liu
Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology
Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is the sixth most common cancer type in the world, which causes approximately 10% of total cancer fatalities. The detection of protein biomarkers in body fluids is the key topic for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. Highly sensitive screening of PC is the most effective approach for reducing mortality. Thus, there are a growing number of literature that recognizes the importance of new technologies for early diagnosis of PC. Graphene is playing an important role in the biosensor field with remarkable physical, optical, electrochemical and magnetic properties. Many recent studies demonstrated the potential of graphene materials for sensitive detection of protein biomarkers. In this review, the graphene-based biosensors toward PC analysis are mainly discussed in two groups: Firstly, novel biosensor interfaces were constructed through the modification of graphene materials onto sensor surfaces. Secondly, ingenious signal amplification strategies were developed using graphene materials as catalysts or carriers. Graphene-based biosensors have exhibited remarkable performance with high sensitivities, wide detection ranges, and long-term stabilities.
