Direct Effects of Mifepristone on Mice Embryogenesis: An In Vitro Evaluation by Single-Embryo RNA Sequencing Analysis
Yu-Ting Su,
Jia-Shing Chen,
Kuo-Chung Lan,
Yung-Kuo Lee,
Tian-Huei Chu,
Yu-Cheng Ho,
Cheng-Chun Wu,
Fu-Jen Huang
Affiliations
Yu-Ting Su
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
Jia-Shing Chen
School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82425, Taiwan
Kuo-Chung Lan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
Yung-Kuo Lee
Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City 80284, Taiwan
Tian-Huei Chu
Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City 80284, Taiwan
Yu-Cheng Ho
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82425, Taiwan
Cheng-Chun Wu
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82425, Taiwan
Fu-Jen Huang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
The clinical use of mifepristone for medical abortions has been established in 1987 in France and since 2000 in the United States. Mifepristone has a limited medical period that lasts n = 3, mifepristone n = 3). When we performed a gene set enrichment analysis, our data indicated that mifepristone treatment considerably altered the cellular pathways of embryos in terms of viability, proliferation, and development. The data indicated that mifepristone was involved in hallmark gene sets of protein secretion, mTORC1, fatty acid metabolism, IL-2-STAT5 signaling, adipogenesis, peroxisome, glycolysis, E2F targets, and heme metabolism. The data further revealed that mifepristone interfered with normal embryonic development. In sum, our data suggest that continuing a pregnancy after mifepristone treatment fails is inappropriate and infeasible. The results of our study reveal a high risk of fetus fatality and developmental problems when pregnancies are continued after mifepristone treatment fails.
