Enhancing wheat tolerance to salinity using nanomaterials, proline, and biochar-inoculated with Bacillus subtilis
Muhammad Ayman,
Mohamed A. Fahmy,
Ahmed S.M. Elnahal,
Haifa E. Alfassam,
Hassan A. Rudayni,
Ahmed A. Allam,
Eman M. Farahat
Affiliations
Muhammad Ayman
Department of Water and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Corresponding author.
Mohamed A. Fahmy
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Ahmed S.M. Elnahal
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Haifa E. Alfassam
Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
Hassan A. Rudayni
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed A. Allam
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211 Egypt
Eman M. Farahat
Minia Higher Technology Institute for Applied Health Sciences, Minia, Egypt
Salinity negatively impacts crop production by affecting physiological and biochemical processes in plants. This study investigates the effectiveness of Nano-ZnO (NZn), proline (PA), Nano-TiO2 (NTi), Nano-SiO2 (NSi)), and biochar inoculated with Bacillus subtilis (OSBS) in enhancing wheat tolerance to salinity stress. Pot experiments were conducted under saline conditions with varying rates of biochar and foliar applications. Results indicated that 2 % OSBS with NZn and NSi significantly improved wheat growth, leaf area, and nutrient level, reducing the negative impacts of salinity.
