Baština (Jan 2018)
The teaching of literacy in Kraljevo and surroundings 1945-1950
Abstract
After the World War Two, Communist Party started to create new political, social and economic system, cultural and educational policy. The teaching of literacy had very important role in Communist' s educational and cultural policy. The main objectives were to overcome inherited cultural backwardness, to reduce a large percentage of illiteracy, and to capacitate population for participating in political, social, economic and cultural development of country. Analphabetic courses were the basic form of teaching illiterates to read and write after war in the whole Yugoslavia, and likewise in Kraljevo city and its surroundings (Žiča's county). According to some sources in Žiča's county more than 10 000 illiterates learnt to read and write from 1945 to the 1950. The teaching of illiterates in Žiča's county, was accompanied by general problems and obstacles of this kind of activities after war in Yugoslavia: the deficiency of teachers and of teaching means, low interest of rural and elderly population, indiscipline, abandoning of courses due to agricultural activities, etc. At analphabetic courses some results were achieved, but these courses couldn't resolve a great problem of illiteracy in Žiča's county, just like in the whole country. According to the census 1948 the percent of illiteracy in Žiča's county was 25.5%, in Serbia 26.7%, and in Yugoslavia 25.4%. At the end of forties a great inefficiency of the analphabetic courses were noticed. At the beginning of fifties, Yugoslav educational authorities abandoned analphabetic courses as mode of teaching of illiterates, and started to pay more attention to improvement of primary educational system and to the other modes of teaching and training of adult illiterate persons.
