Frontiers in Immunology (Nov 2024)

LRMAHpan: a novel tool for multi-allelic HLA presentation prediction using Resnet-based and LSTM-based neural networks

  • Xue Mi,
  • Shaohao Li,
  • Zheng Ye,
  • Zhu Dai,
  • Bo Ding,
  • Bo Sun,
  • Yang Shen,
  • Yang Shen,
  • Zhongdang Xiao,
  • Zhongdang Xiao

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1478201
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15

Abstract

Read online

IntroductionThe identification of peptides eluted from HLA complexes by mass spectrometry (MS) can provide critical data for deep learning models of antigen presentation prediction and promote neoantigen vaccine design. A major challenge remains in determining which HLA allele eluted peptides correspond to.MethodsTo address this, we present a tool for prediction of multiple allele (MA) presentation called LRMAHpan, which integrates LSTM network and ResNet_CA network for antigen processing and presentation prediction. We trained and tested the LRMAHpan BA (binding affinity) and the LRMAHpan AP (antigen processing) models using mass spectrometry data, subsequently combined them into the LRMAHpan PS (presentation score) model. Our approach is based on a novel pHLA encoding method that enables the integration of neoantigen prediction tasks into computer vision methods. This method aggregates MA data into a multichannel matrix and incorporates peptide sequences to efficiently capture binding signals.ResultsLRMAHpan outperforms standard predictors such as NetMHCpan 4.1, MHCflurry 2.0, and TransPHLA in terms of positive predictive value (PPV) when applied to MA data. Additionally, it can accommodate peptides of variable lengths and predict HLA class I and II presentation. We also predicted neoantigens in a cohort of metastatic melanoma patients, identifying several shared neoantigens.DiscussionOur results demonstrate that LRMAHpan significantly improves the accuracy of antigen presentation predictions.

Keywords