Frontiers in Genetics (Mar 2021)
Precision Population Medicine in Primary Care: The Sanford Chip Experience
- Kurt D. Christensen,
- Kurt D. Christensen,
- Kurt D. Christensen,
- Megan Bell,
- Carrie L. B. Zawatsky,
- Carrie L. B. Zawatsky,
- Lauren N. Galbraith,
- Robert C. Green,
- Robert C. Green,
- Robert C. Green,
- Robert C. Green,
- Allison M. Hutchinson,
- Leila Jamal,
- Leila Jamal,
- Jessica L. LeBlanc,
- Jennifer R. Leonhard,
- Michelle Moore,
- Lisa Mullineaux,
- Natasha Petry,
- Natasha Petry,
- Dylan M. Platt,
- Sherin Shaaban,
- Sherin Shaaban,
- April Schultz,
- April Schultz,
- Bethany D. Tucker,
- Joel Van Heukelom,
- Joel Van Heukelom,
- Elizabeth Wheeler,
- Emilie S. Zoltick,
- Catherine Hajek,
- Catherine Hajek,
- on behalf of the Imagenetics Metrics Team,
- Baye Jordan,
- Bell Megan,
- Deberg Kristen,
- Forred Benjamin,
- Free Colette,
- Hajek Catherine,
- Heukelom Joel Van,
- Hopp Ashley,
- Hutchinson Allison,
- Lees Ryne,
- Leonhard Jennifer,
- Massmann Amanda,
- Moore Michelle,
- Mroch Amelia,
- Petry Natasha,
- Platt Dylan,
- Royer Erin,
- Schultz April,
- Sincan Murat,
- Tucker Bethany,
- Wheeler Elizabeth,
- Christensen Kurt,
- Galbraith Lauren,
- LeBlanc Jessica,
- Walsh Ryan,
- Zoltick Emilie,
- Green Robert,
- Preys Charlene,
- Zawatsky Carrie,
- Mullineaux Lisa,
- Jamal Leila
Affiliations
- Kurt D. Christensen
- Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Kurt D. Christensen
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Kurt D. Christensen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Megan Bell
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Carrie L. B. Zawatsky
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Carrie L. B. Zawatsky
- Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA, United States
- Lauren N. Galbraith
- Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Robert C. Green
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Robert C. Green
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Robert C. Green
- Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA, United States
- Robert C. Green
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Allison M. Hutchinson
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Leila Jamal
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Leila Jamal
- Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Jessica L. LeBlanc
- Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Jennifer R. Leonhard
- 0Sanford Health Imagenetics, Bemidji, MN, United States
- Michelle Moore
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Lisa Mullineaux
- 1Mayo Clinic Genomics Laboratory, Rochester, MN, United States
- Natasha Petry
- 2Sanford Health Imagenetics, Fargo, ND, United States
- Natasha Petry
- 3Department of Pharmacy Practice, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
- Dylan M. Platt
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Sherin Shaaban
- 4Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Sherin Shaaban
- 5ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- April Schultz
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- April Schultz
- 6Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Bethany D. Tucker
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Joel Van Heukelom
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Joel Van Heukelom
- 6Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Elizabeth Wheeler
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Emilie S. Zoltick
- Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Catherine Hajek
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Catherine Hajek
- 6Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- on behalf of the Imagenetics Metrics Team
- Baye Jordan
- Bell Megan
- Deberg Kristen
- Forred Benjamin
- Free Colette
- Hajek Catherine
- Heukelom Joel Van
- Hopp Ashley
- Hutchinson Allison
- Lees Ryne
- Leonhard Jennifer
- Massmann Amanda
- Moore Michelle
- Mroch Amelia
- Petry Natasha
- Platt Dylan
- Royer Erin
- Schultz April
- Sincan Murat
- Tucker Bethany
- Wheeler Elizabeth
- Christensen Kurt
- Galbraith Lauren
- LeBlanc Jessica
- Walsh Ryan
- Zoltick Emilie
- Green Robert
- Preys Charlene
- Zawatsky Carrie
- Mullineaux Lisa
- Jamal Leila
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.626845
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 12
Abstract
Genetic testing has the potential to revolutionize primary care, but few health systems have developed the infrastructure to support precision population medicine applications or attempted to evaluate its impact on patient and provider outcomes. In 2018, Sanford Health, the nation’s largest rural nonprofit health care system, began offering genetic testing to its primary care patients. To date, more than 11,000 patients have participated in the Sanford Chip Program, over 90% of whom have been identified with at least one informative pharmacogenomic variant, and about 1.5% of whom have been identified with a medically actionable predisposition for disease. This manuscript describes the rationale for offering the Sanford Chip, the programs and infrastructure implemented to support it, and evolving plans for research to evaluate its real-world impact.
Keywords
- pharmacogenomic testing
- genetic counseling
- decision support systems – clinical
- genetic testing
- primary health care
