Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA; University of Crete Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Heraklion, 71110 Greece
Dimitris V. Manatakis
Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
Christopher Y. Le
Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
Sonalee Barthakur
Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
Alexander Sorets
Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
Achille Gravanis
University of Crete Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Heraklion, 71110 Greece
Lorna Ewart
Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
Lee L. Rubin
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
Elias S. Manolakos
Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Northeastern University, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
Christopher D. Hinojosa
Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
Summary: Species differences in brain and blood–brain barrier (BBB) biology hamper the translation of findings from animal models to humans, impeding the development of therapeutics for brain diseases. Here, we present a human organotypic microphysiological system (MPS) that includes endothelial-like cells, pericytes, glia, and cortical neurons and maintains BBB permeability at in vivo relevant levels. This human Brain-Chip engineered to recapitulate critical aspects of the complex interactions that mediate neuroinflammation and demonstrates significant improvements in clinical mimicry compared to previously reported similar MPS. In comparison to Transwell culture, the transcriptomic profiling of the Brain-Chip displayed significantly advanced similarity to the human adult cortex and enrichment in key neurobiological pathways. Exposure to TNF-α recreated the anticipated inflammatory environment shown by glia activation, increased release of proinflammatory cytokines, and compromised barrier permeability. We report the development of a robust brain MPS for mechanistic understanding of cell-cell interactions and BBB function during neuroinflammation.
