Exosomal non-coding RNAs in the regulation of bone metabolism homeostasis: Molecular mechanism and therapeutic potential
Chengxiong Huang,
Yu Xiao,
Liming Qing,
Juyu Tang,
Panfeng Wu
Affiliations
Chengxiong Huang
Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
Yu Xiao
Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
Liming Qing
Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
Juyu Tang
Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
Panfeng Wu
Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Corresponding author. Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
Bone metabolism is a dynamic balance between bone formation and absorption regulated by osteoblasts/osteoclasts. Bone metabolic disorders can lead to metabolic bone disease. Osteoporosis (OP), osteoarthritis (OA) and femoral head necrosis (ONFH) are common metabolic bone diseases. At present, the treatment of metabolic bone disease is still mainly to relieve pain and improve joint function. However, surgical treatment does not apply to the vast majority of high-risk groups, including postmenopausal women, patients with diabetes, cirrhosis, etc. Exosomes (Exos) are nanoscale membrane vesicles that are released by almost all cells. Exos are rich in a variety of bioactive substances, such as non-coding RNAs, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. In view of the structure of Exos, it can protect the biologically active molecules can be smoothly delivered to the target cells and involved in the regulation of cell function. In this review, we focus on the regulation mechanism and function of bone homeostasis mediated by exosomal ncRNAs (Exos-ncRNAs), including macrophage polarization, autophagy, angiogenesis, signal transduction and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). We summarized the therapeutic strategies and potential drugs of Exos-ncRNAs in metabolic bone disease. Moreover, we discussed the shortcomings and potential research directions of Exos as carrier to deliver ncRNAs to play a role.
