Офтальмохирургия (Dec 2015)
THE USE OF DIFFERENT DONOR MATERIALS IN KERATOPLASTY (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Abstract
In numerous pathological processes of cornea the keratoplasty is often the only method of treatment. As different types of donor material are used in keratoplasty, this literature review is devoted to the application of preserved material and autotransplantation as the most available. The preservation methods of cornea allograft are divided into physical and chemical ones [Klement A.A., 1967]. According to the shelf-life all preservation methods are relatively divided into short and long termed. For the keratoplasty in some cases auto-tissues of a patient can be used. Autoconjuctiva has substantial advantages. Suhina L.A., Perekrestov M.B., Sukhina I.V. (2008) developed a therapeutic keratoplasty with autoscleral flap under conditions of traumatic injury of cornea. For reconstructive surgery amniotic membrane is applied, that is widely used recently in native and preserved form as a bio-cover for cornea, especially, in eye burns. Amnion tissue is an effective bio-stimulant of regenerative processes. After burns a special attention in the corneal epithelization is paid to limbus stem cells. In case of limbus-cellular insufficiency, stem cells, cultured on amniotic membrane, are used. Descemet’s membrane transplantation is the most modern technique of posterior corneal layer transplantation. This technique has become very important in corneal EED. Layer-by-layer keratoplasty with the «Alloplant» biomaterial is suggested as an effective method of treatment for deep trophic corneal ulcers. In penetrating states of cornea the optimization method of temporary filling technique using corneal and scleral tissues or silicone rubber to close penetrating defects during keratoplasty. Kasparov A.A., Aladinskaya I.V., Trufanov S.V. proposed in patients with vascularized corneal spots to sew during keratoplasty an umbilical part of amniotic membrane to the limbus region around keratotransplant. Different types of keratoplasty are presented above where different types of donor material are used. The correct choice can predetermine beneficial outcomes (optic, tectonic, therapeutic, cosmetic) of surgical treatment.
