Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Its Determinants among Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization Treatment for Infertility in Sweden

Abstract

There is a lack of research on women with infertility in the northern latitudes, where vitamin D insufficiency is high. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25(OH)D concentration p = 0.043), the Middle East (OR 9.90, 95% CI 3.32–29.41, adjusted p p = 0.020) than among women from Nordic countries. Women who did not use vitamin D supplements were more likely to have insufficiency compared with supplement users (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.55–7.10, adjusted p = 0.002), and those who avoided sun exposure had higher odds of insufficiency compared to those who stayed “in the sun all the time” (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.22–8.62, adjusted p = 0.018). Women with infertility in northern latitudes and those from non-Nordic countries who avoid sun exposure and do not take vitamin supplements have a higher prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency and longer infertility duration.

Keywords

• vitamin D insufficiency
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D
• infertility
• in vitro fertilization
• dietary assessment
• sun exposure