An update on newer vaccines in development phase for malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Abstract

Malaria, tuberculosis (TB), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are the three major public health problems globally and especially affecting many in low-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asian region. For many years, these three most devastating diseases have received most of the world's attention. The effective public health interventions in managing and controlling these diseases are able to reduce the burden to some extent but are not able to effectively prevent the occurrence of these diseases. Hence, lot of research is simultaneously going on in developing safe and effective vaccines against these diseases. Despite the continuous efforts to produce the effective vaccines against these diseases, there has not been much success, except recently for malaria, where anti-sporozoite subunit vaccine, RTS, S/AS01, has completed Phase III vaccine trials and got the positive regulatory assessment from the WHO. This review updates on the newer vaccines in the development phase for malaria, TB, and HIV/AIDS.

Keywords

• Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
• human immunodeficiency virus
• malaria
• tuberculosis
• vaccine