Root Morphology and Canal Configuration of Permanent Canines Among Saudi Population: Systematic Review and Comparison with Worldwide Studies

Abstract

Abdulaziz A Asiri,1 Khalil W AlQahtani,1 Mohammed Y Tarrosh,2 Amal S Shaiban,3 Hamed A Al Shawkani,2 Wafa H Alaajam,3 Maryam S Bamasud,4 Muqbil Alqahtani,5 Mohanad A Alyousefy,6 Mohammed M Al Moaleem7,8 1Endodontic Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; 4Dental Department, Ministry of Health, Sakaka City, Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia; 5General Practitioner, King Faisal University, Alhafuf City, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen; 7Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia; 8Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana’a, 4337, YemenCorrespondence: Mohammed M Al Moaleem, Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel [phone], Email [email protected]; [email protected]: The root morphology and canal configuration (RMCC) of mandibular and maxillary canines among Saudi population is systematically reviewed and compared with international studies in this research.Methods: This study was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. The electronic databases of PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley Library, Google website search, and Web of Science were searched. Only local and international cross-sectional, comparative, evaluation, and validation studies or case reports published between 2016 and 2022 that directly evaluated canine RMCC and assessed participants using cone beam computed tomography were included.Results: Forty-three studies that investigated RMCCs (17 local and 26 international) were involved in this review. The original Saudi research recorded that almost 100% of maxillary canines had one root and one canal, whereas 98.4% and 94.1% had one root and one canal in the mandibular arch. Vertucci’s class I had the highest percentages in the maxillary and mandibular arches at 98.3% and 95.8%, respectively, followed by class III with 0.7% and 1.9% for the same arches, respectively. International studies recorded that 100% of maxillary canines had one canal and root; the percentages of the mandibular arch were 92.3 and 98% for single canal and root, respectively; and the highest percentage was obtained by Vertucci’s class I (91.1%), followed by class III (4.7%).Conclusion: This review reports and confirmed the symmetry of the RMCCs of maxillary and mandibular canines between Saudi studies and other populations. Moreover, Vertucci’s classes I and III were the most frequent RMCCs, and two-rooted canines in both arches were considerably less frequently than single-rooted ones.Keywords: Vertucci’s classification, mandibular canine, maxillary canine, root morphology, canal configuration, number of canals, number of roots, Saudi population

Keywords

• vertucci’s classification
• mandibular canine
• maxillary canine
• root morphology
• canal configuration
• number of canals
• number of roots
• saudi population.